Now
we move to Manufacturing Inventory as another component of Logistics. Manufacturing inventory refers to the list of
goods or materials you need to manufacture your product and these necessary
materials must be in stock so that they are readily available when needed. In
fact, they are often needed since production depends on them.
We
have already seen the important points about inventory while discussing
production planning. Ensuring optimum inventory is one of the elements of
production planning, we have seen that.
The
manufacturing inventory must be continually updated so that the stock of the
required materials to meet the needs for manufacturing is maintained all the
times. Inventory management is a crucial
business strategy.
Under
the inventory account, three important components have to be looked into; they
are raw materials, work in progress and finished goods. Raw materials are basic needs for production.
For example, metal is inevitable raw material for car production; steel is for
ship building and food ingredients for catering, food production companies.
Work
in progress includes those goods already used in the manufacturing process
which is not complete; half-built car or half-built ships incomplete food
preparation--- these represent work in progress. Work has started on the goods
but it has not been completed; therefore, work is still in progress.
Production
requires, most importantly, money which means there is production cost. The
manufacturing inventory has cost value; that is, how much money has been put
into those three components of manufacturing inventory. The raw materials
demand cost; when the car manufacturer buys metal in tons with a price for a ton
of metal, he calculates the cost of the raw materials. When you come to work in progress, there is
the additional cost of the labour which alone can convert raw materials into
finished products. Not only that; suppose electricity is used in the work in progress,
the cost of the electricity also becomes a vital part of the manufacturing
cost.